FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2012 Nov 27. doi: 10.1111/1574-6976.12013. [Epub ahead of print]
Subversion of host cellular functions by the apicomplexan parasites
Kemp LE, Yamamoto M, Soldati-Favre D.
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
Rhoptries are club-shaped secretory organelles located at the anterior pole of species belonging to the phylum of Apicomplexa. Parasites of this phylum are responsible for a huge burden of disease in humans and animals and a loss of economic productivity. Members of this elite group of obligate intracellular parasites include Plasmodium spp. that cause malaria and Cryptosporidium spp. that cause diarrhoeal disease. Although rhoptries are present almost ubiquitously throughout the phylum, the relevance and role of the proteins contained within the rhoptries varies. Rhoptry contents separates into two intra-organellar compartments, the neck and the bulb. A number of rhoptry neck proteins are conserved between species and are involved in functions such as host cell invasion. The bulb proteins are less well conserved and likely evolved for a particular lifestyle. In the majority of species studied to date, rhoptry content is involved in formation and maintenance of the parasitophorous vacuole however some species live free within the host cytoplasm. In this review we will summarise the knowledge available regarding rhoptry proteins. Specifically we will discuss the role of the rhoptry kinases that are used by Toxoplasma gondii and other coccidian parasites to subvert the host cellular functions and prevent parasite death. © 2012 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved.
PMID: 23186105 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Subversion of host cellular functions by the apicomplexan parasites
Kemp LE, Yamamoto M, Soldati-Favre D.
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
Rhoptries are club-shaped secretory organelles located at the anterior pole of species belonging to the phylum of Apicomplexa. Parasites of this phylum are responsible for a huge burden of disease in humans and animals and a loss of economic productivity. Members of this elite group of obligate intracellular parasites include Plasmodium spp. that cause malaria and Cryptosporidium spp. that cause diarrhoeal disease. Although rhoptries are present almost ubiquitously throughout the phylum, the relevance and role of the proteins contained within the rhoptries varies. Rhoptry contents separates into two intra-organellar compartments, the neck and the bulb. A number of rhoptry neck proteins are conserved between species and are involved in functions such as host cell invasion. The bulb proteins are less well conserved and likely evolved for a particular lifestyle. In the majority of species studied to date, rhoptry content is involved in formation and maintenance of the parasitophorous vacuole however some species live free within the host cytoplasm. In this review we will summarise the knowledge available regarding rhoptry proteins. Specifically we will discuss the role of the rhoptry kinases that are used by Toxoplasma gondii and other coccidian parasites to subvert the host cellular functions and prevent parasite death. © 2012 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved.
PMID: 23186105 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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