We have recently reported that treatment of disseminated pancreatic cancer with an attenuated Toxoplasma gondii uracil auxotroph vaccine promoted antitumor CD8+ T cell responses and long-term survival. Here, we optimized the treatment strategy for disseminated pancreatic cancer and show that attenuated Toxoplasma gondii therapy stimulated effective long-term immunity to pancreatic cancer through mechanisms involving CD4+ T cells and pancreatic tumor-specific IgG. Our results suggest that cell-mediated immunity in conjunction with humoral antibody immunity may offer greater resistance to recurrence of highly aggressive tumors. Cancer immunotherapeutic strategies using attenuated Toxoplasma gondii vaccines merit further investigation as a novel strategy to reawaken immunity to primary pancreatic carcinoma and to generate long-lasting immunity to pancreatic cancer recurrences.
KEYWORDS:
Humoral immunity; T cell protection; Toxoplasma gondii; immunotherapy; pancreatic cancer; tumor-specific antibodies
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